network

25/JAN/MON

abaout information network
$ sudo ethtool (eth0)

search network active
$ sudo ifconfig

nk tgk eth0
$ sudo ifconfig eth0

cara nk menyambung dan memutuskan talian
memutuskan : $ sudo ifdown eth0
menyambungkan : $ sudo ifup eth0

kaeadah wireless
$sudo iwlist scan

melihat user dalam account

25/JAN/MON

$ls /home
/student

$ls
log -term.log

$ ls -a pythonlist.txt

-rwx r- xr-x

- : - (permission)


-rwx r- xr-x

w (write)
r (read)

$nano pythonlist.txt : click file (for edit file)
: CTRL -O ( for save)
: CTRL – x (for exit)


kaedah untuk sembunyikan file dan kembali kepada keadaan biasa.

$ chmod u-r pythonlist.txt (sembunyikan file)
$ chmod u+rw pythonlist.txt (kembali keadaan biasa)


$ chmod u-r pythonlist.txt

u (user)
g (group)
o (other)

$ chmod uxrw pythonlist

Cara untuk menambah group user

22/JAN/FRI

$sudo group class
$sudo useradd -c “student 1” -g class
$sudo useradd student student2

set password student 1.

$sudo password student 1
passwd student1

CTRL-ALT- F3 (login student 1)
$pwd

CTRL-ALT-F4 (login student 2)
$pwd

CTRL-ALT-F5 (login student 3)
$pwd

$sudo useradd student -d /home/student3
$sudo passwd student

untuk delete : $sudo user student3
$who
$finger

Mengesan floppy

21/JAN/THUR/11.15AM.

kaedah mengesan floppy

$ mount /dev /fd
$ ls /media

$ mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

$ ls /mnt
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom
(mount commad)

dah download filekan dengan nama.
dsd.iso
mount - o loop nama cerita.iso /mnt/cdrom



user kepad system

cara untuk create group : $ group add sales (name group)
untuk deleted : $groupdel (name group)


melihat senarai dalam etc
$cat /etc/group.

kaedah menukar akaun kepada marketing
$group mod -n account marketing

kaedeah mencari files (ubuntu)

20/JAN/2010/ WES/ 11.50AM


contoh 1:

$locate file massages

taipkan :
hidhir@hidhir-laptop:~$ find / -name massages

result:







tugasan 1 :
find files with 'mozilla'


jawapan :
taipkan :$find/ -name mozilla

result :







tugasan 2 :
find 'network' files in '/etc' directory

jawapan :
taipkan : $find /etc -name network

result :









tugasan 3 :
find file belogging to user root in /var directory

jawapan :
taipkan : $find /var -user root

result :

KAEDAH MELIHAT FILE (UBUNTU)

19/JAN/2010/1.05PM

Untuk melihat file yang terdapat pada sistem ini, boleh menggunakan pelbagai kaeadah... bergantung pada kehendak kita. Antaranya ialah:

tekan > application > accessories > terminal

cth :









- melihat file yang terawal
-taipkan : $ head pythonlist.txt (menunjukkan line paling awal)

- melihat file yang terakhir
- taipkan :$tail python.txt (menunjukkan line paling akhir)

- melihat file dengan menekan ENTER pada keyboard untuk melihat file berikutnya
- taipkan : $ more pythonlist.txt

- melihat file dengan menolak / menarik scrool pada mouse untuk melihat file berikutnya
- taipkan : $ less pythonlist.txt

- melihat file megikut turutan (dari file awal ke file akhir)
- taipkan : $ cat pythonlist.txt

- melihat file melawan turutan (dati file akhir ke file awal)
- taipkan : $ tac pythonlist.txt

- melihat file berkendali secara lansung.
- taipkan : $ tail -f /var/log/massages

Mandrake or Mandriva

19/JAN/2010




Feature of mandrake :

Mandriva Linux 2010 is one of the most innovative and one step beyond releases ever of Mandriva Linux, the leader in innovative and easy-to-use desktop Linux.

It brings you KDE 4.3 as the default KDE desktop. This major new release of KDE further enhances the KDE desktop experience. Other major new software versions include GNOME 2.28, OpenOffice.org 3.1.1 and Mozilla Firefox 3.5. Mandriva 2010 is using the 2.6.31 Linux Kernel, with the usual assortment of patches by the excellent Mandriva Kernel Team to make sure it's tailored to the distro.

As always, Mandriva Linux 2010's hardware compatibility is second to none. As well as conventional systems, it boasts excellent support for a wide range of netbooks, including all currently available Asus Eee PC models, the Acer Aspire One, the MSI Wind, and others.



How to download :

You can download the Mandriva Linux 2010 One Live CD or the Free DVD from here . You can also buy the boxed PowerPack edition or purchase the PowerPack subscription from the Mandriva Store.

Suse linux

19/JAN/2010/11.50AM




http://www.novell.com/linux/download_linux.html


Software untuk download suse linux :

SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server The best operating system for mission-critical workloads in your physical and virtual environments. Download Now
 
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop The first enterprise Linux desktop that's cost-effective, easy-to-use, secure and works with your existing systems. Download Now
 
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension Affordable physical and virtual Linux clustering to ensure business continuity, protect data integrity, and reduce unplanned downtime. Download Now
 
SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono Extension The .NET application framework, based on the Mono project, that lets you run ASP.NET-based applications on Linux. Download Now
 
SUSE® Linux Enterprise Real Time Extension The high performance, low latency, deterministic operating system for time-sensitive workloads. Download Now
 
Novell Open Enterprise Server This free evaluation allows you to install Novell's advanced networking services on either NetWare or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Download Now
 

Clark connect

http://www.clarkconnect.com/legacy/index.php
http://www.clearfoundation.com/Software/downloads

Transitioning Existing Subscriptions to ClearCenter

If you would like to upgrade to ClearOS but still have time remaining on an existing ClarkConnect services/support subscription, we can help you with the transition.  The basic steps are:

- Investigate your ClearCARE support options
- Review your ClearSDN subscription options
- Browse and check prices in the online store

Once you are comfortable with what you need, it is straigtforward for a sales representative to provide a full pro-rated discount on your remaining ClarkConnect support and services.  If at anytime you have questions, please feel free to pick up the phone or send us an e-mail -- contact information.

Are you looking for a complete open source network and gateway solution? If so, read on. Just to give you a sample of the ClearOS features, it includes:
Multi-WAN

- Content Filtering
- Intrusion Protection
- Antimalware and Antispam
- File and Print Services
- Mail and Messaging
- and more...

In mid-2009, ClarkConnect unveiled a new chapter in its history and transitioned the software to the ClearFoundation, and services and support to ClearCenter

Centos

19/JAN/2010


http://www.centos.org/modules/tinycontent/index.php?id=15

CentOS Download Information

Before downloading, the CentOS team would like to remind you that the primary means of sustaining the development of CentOS is via contributions by users such as yourself. CentOS is now and will continue to be totally free; however, it takes money and resources to make CentOS available. If you are able, please consider donating to the CentOS Project.


--->   CentOS-5 ISOs   |    CentOS-4 ISOs   |    CentOS-3 ISOs   <---


Centos features

CentOS has numerous advantages over some of the other clone projects including:  an active and growing user community, quickly rebuilt, tested, and QA'ed errata packages, an extensive mirror network, developers who are contactable and responsive, multiple free support avenues including IRC Chat, Mailing Lists, Forums, a dynamic FAQ.  Commercial support is offered via a number of vendors.

Debian

19/Jan/2010 TUE...



http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst

 Download larger CD/DVD image files, record and install using that media only.

The CD/DVD images can be downloaded using HTTP/FTP, BitTorrent, or Jigdo.

The large CD and DVD images contain more packages, making it easier to install machines without an Internet connection. However, if you get a whole set of CDs or DVDs, you will get a lot of packages that you won't actually use.

Features of Debian?

Debian is a free operating system (OS) for your computer. An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run. Debian uses the Linux kernel (the core of an operating system), but most of the basic OS tools come from the GNU project; hence the name GNU/Linux.

Debian GNU/Linux provides more than a pure OS: it comes with over 25000 packages, precompiled software bundled up in a nice format for easy installation on your machine

Ubuntu

ubuntu / 19/01/2010




http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download

how to download :
step 1 ; Download Ubuntu CD image
step2 ; Burn your Ubuntu CD
step3 ; Install Ubuntu

The Ubuntu features :

- Ubuntu will always be free of charge, along with its regular enterprise releases and
security updates
- Ubuntu comes with full commercial support from Canonical and hundreds of companies from
across the world
- Ubuntu provides the best translations and accessibility features that the free software
community has to offer
- Ubuntu core applications are all free and open source. We want you to use free and open
source software, improve it and pass it on.

-8">

MONDAY / JAN 18 / 11.45AM

kaedah untuk melihat isi satu-satu file (ubuntu)

tekan pada :

> applications

>assessories

game


graphics


internet


office


sound & video


ubuntu software center

calculator
CD/DVD creator
Character Map
Disk Usage Analyzer
Gedit Text Editor
Manage Print Jobs
Password and Encreption keys
Take Screenshot
> Terminal
Tomboy Notes

taipkan:

hidhir@hidhir-laptop:~$ cat /atc/resolv.conf

hidhir@hidhir-laptop:~$ cat profiles

hidhir@hidhir-laptop:~$ ls /binfiles.txt...

hidhir@hidhir-laptop:~$ cat bin files.txt

kaedah mencari semua file pyhton

hidhir@hidhir-laptop:~$ locate python

kaedah memasukkan files python kedalam pythonlist.txt

hidhir@hidhir-laptop:~$ locate python > phytonlist.txt

os (linux)

LINUX

LINUX adalah satu operating system berasaskan UNIX yg dicipta untuk PC khususnya menggunakan processor INTEL, SPARC, Alpha dan boleh digunakan untuk server atau workstation. Dari satu CD installer (Redhat version 6.2 dan sebelumnya kerana mulai version 7.0 dah menggunakan 2 CD) kita boleh setup workstation atau server apa saja, mail, web, print, file, DNS, firewall dan macam2 lagi!

APA ITU LINUX?

LINUX adalah satu operating system berasaskan UNIX yg dicipta untuk PC khususnya menggunakan processor INTEL, SPARC, Alpha dan boleh digunakan untuk server atau workstation. Dari satu CD installer (Redhat version 6.2 dan sebelumnya kerana mulai version 7.0 dah menggunakan 2 CD) kita boleh setup workstation atau server apa saja, mail, web, print, file, DNS, firewall dan macam2 lagi!

SEJARAH LINUX

- Segalanya bermula pada Ogos 1991, seorang student dari Finland
mengepos (email la!) pada comp.os.minix newsgroup.

- Dialah Linus Torvalds, dan dari hobinya tu la akhirnya jadi apa yg hari ni kita
kenal sebagai LINUX. Ianya menggunakan standard POSIX dan dibangunkan
bukan sahaja oleh Linus Torvalds, tetapi oleh beratus2 programmer seluruh
dunia.

- Segala2nya menjadi besar2an dan menarik minat seluruh programmer dunia.

- LINUX juga adalah free! Free camana tu? Tak nak beli yg original pun boleh,
download je ISO dari site LINUX (tapi takde support dari distribution) dan
boleh pakai.

- Takde salah pun! tak macam barang Microsoft.. asik nak kene lesen2 je.. bila la nak pandai! LINUX juga dtg dengan full source code. Jadi anda boleh
membina LINUX anda sendiri dari source code tersebut dan
men"distribute"kannya kembali (dengan syarat anda juga mesti membekalkan
source code anda). Juga LINUX berasaskan packages.. senang menginstall dan
uninstall serta upgrade.. bole juga guna dalam bentuk lain2 source (..tar.gz etc)

JENIS-JENIS LINUX

- RedHat LINUX
- Debian LINUX
- Slackware LINUX
- Mandrake LINUX
- Caldera OpenLinux
- SuSE Linux
- Corel LINUX